英语句子成分－状语讲解 什么是状语？

修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子的词、短语或从句（状语从句），叫状语。状语在句中可以表示：时间、地点、目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、程度、方式、比较、方向以及伴随等情况。能担任状语的有：副词、介词短语、动词不定式、名词以及if,whether，when,while,as soon as,because , until ,before 等引导的状语从句。例如：

1、副词

He can play the guitar well. (程度)

Please read aloud!（方式）

I'm going to Beijing today.（时间）

It is raining hard.（方式）

Luckily, he didn't hurt himself.（方式）

We all went into the classroom excitedly.（方式）

Come in , please!（方向）

2 、介词短语

He stayed at home.（地点）

Thank you for your help.（原因）

Ann run to the door quickly.（方向）

My teacher went into his office with a smile.（方式）

Lily is taller than her sister. (比较)

I'm going to the hospital .（地点）

I like to go to school by bus.（方式）

I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.（方式）

People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram. (方式)

We shall leave for Shanghai tomorrow. （地点）

But in order to help support their family, they had to work for the bosses.

3、动词不定式

The little boy is too young to look after himself.（结果）

I haven't got money enough to buy the new bike.（结果）

4、名词

Wait a minute, please.（时间）

Come this way, please.（方向）

Come home earlier this evening.（时间）

Thanks a lot. (程度)

People's living conditions have improved a lot. (程度)

5、状语从句

If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.（条件）

When we get there, we shall come to see you right away. （时间）

I'll not come to his party unless I get his invitation. （条件）

I can't go shopping in big stores unless I travel for a couple of hours.

I'll write an E-mail to you as soon as I get to America.（时间）

Jack stays in bed because he is ill today. （原因）

I got up early this morning so that I could catch up the train. (目的)

The movie is so interesting that I have seen it twice. （结果）

Life was so hard that people had no time or money to enjoy leisure activities. （结果）

Father came back while I was cooking the supper. （时间）

△在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，不能使用任何形式的将来时（一般将来时或过去将来时）。当它们用于修饰时态为将来时的主句时，其本身则不能在时态上与主句保持一致，而用一般现在时来代替一般将来时，或用过去将来时来代替过去将来时。

△状语在句子中的位置。