payer

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Al Gore let on that he favored a single payer health-care system only two years after he lost the White House.
艾尔·戈尔直到在争夺白宫总统宝座失利两年后，才透露说他支持一个单一付款人的卫生健康系统。
In case the taxpayer fails to do so, the tax organ may recover the payable tax of the enterprise from its other income items within the territory of China which ought to be paid by the payer.
纳税人未依法缴纳的，税务机关可以从该纳税人在中国境内其他收入项目的支付人应付的款项中，追缴该纳税人的应纳税款。
For example, a health care payer may use the mining interface to discover occurrences of particular diseases or symptoms in notes taken by nurses who interact with patients on the phone.
例如，医疗支付者可能使用挖掘接口来发现护士通过与病人通话记下的特定疾病或症状。

Even though the best response is pretty complicated-- and by the way, obviously the things are symmetric for Payer II.
虽然最佳对策是很复杂的,顺便说一下选手2的情况也明显是这样
耶鲁公开课 - 博弈论课程节选

Could it be that tax payer dollars were not wisely spent in the past?
FORBES: Infrastructure Gap? Look at the Facts. We Spend More Than Europe
If this fails, then you either give up on the uninsured or you go to single-payer.
FORBES: Gruber: Romney Is "Lying"; Romneycare and Obamacare Are "The Same F***ing Bill"
Instead Solyndra pockets the money, and the American tax-payer get nothing in return for their investment.
FORBES: Solyndra Files $1.5 Billion Antitrust Suit Against China Solar Companies

You can refer to someone as a payer if they pay a particular kind of bill or fee. For example, a mortgage payer is someone who pays a mortgage.
&rarrsee also taxpayer
A good payer pays you quickly or pays you a lot of money. A bad payer takes a long time to pay you, or does not pay you very much.