subaerial

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Kemmerling reported both aerial and subaerial fumarolic activity for the TAM crater, but none was observed in 1992.
据克梅林（Kemmerling）报告称，空气中和地表面的气流活动是由于TAM火山口，但是1992年没有观察到。
A thermal plume in the northwest part of the lake indicates underlying subaerial fumarolic or hydrothermal activity.
意为“被施魔法之湖”，位于火山巅的东南面。湖泊西北部的热卷流表明潜在地表上的热气或水热在活动
Caliche crusts are secondary products formed by the dissolution of meteoric water on former lithified sediments and rocks during their exposure into subaerial vadose environments.
钙结壳是土壤层之下的岩石在出露地表渗流带环境内受大气雨水的溶解，并通过上覆土壤层的淋滤而成的产物。

Most of these tsunamis were associated with underwater, or what are called submarine earthquakes, although the Caribbean Sea region has all of the potential tsunami-generating sources: submarine earthquakes, subaerial or submarine landslides and volcano activity.
UNESCO: Let's be prepared for tsunami threat in Caribbean, Gulf