後綴-ly用法和含義

詞綴後綴

漢：在我們的印象中-ly不是副詞後綴嗎？沒錯。-ly作爲副詞後綴，幾乎可以加在一切形容詞後麪，表示狀態（如cheerfully)、方式（如financially)、程度（如greatly）、方曏（如northwardly)、次序（如thirdly）、時間（如recently）等。這是一般讀者所熟悉的。既然如此，我們就不必爲此多費筆墨，而將這篇幅騰出來，比較詳細地介紹-ly的第二個用途：加在名詞後麪充儅形容詞後綴。在這種情況下，-ly不是活性詞綴，它的搆詞數量是有限的。其意思主要爲 like a ～（像...的），characteristic of ～(有...性質的），suited to ～（適於...的），occuring once a ～(每...發生一次的），of or being a ～(是...的）等意思。這個後綴是比較常用的後綴之一，在初中我們就已經學過了。

英語詞源解釋：
-ly (1)
suffix forming adjectives from nouns and meaning "having qualities of, appropriate to, fitting;" irregularly descended from Old English -lic, from P.Gmc. *-liko- (cf. Old Frisian -lik, Dutch -lijk, Old High German -lih, German -lich, Old Norse -ligr), related to *likom- "appearance, form" (cf. Old English lich "corpse, body;" see lich, which is a cognate; cf. also like (adj.), with which it is identical).
-ly (2)
adverbial suffix, Middle English, from Old English -lice, from P.Gmc. *-liko- (cf. Old Frisian -like, Old Saxon -liko, Dutch -lijk, Old High German -licho, German -lich, Old Norse -liga, Gothic -leiko); see -ly (1). Cognate with lich, and identical with like (adj.).

Weekley notes as "curious" that Germanic uses a word essentially meaning "body" for the adverbial formation, while Romanic uses one meaning "mind" (e.g. French constamment from Latin constanti mente). The modern English form emerged in late Middle English, probably from influence of Old Norse -liga.

1.ghastly
adj.causing horror of fear;death-like;pale and ill;very unsatisfactory or unpleasant 可怕的；死人般的；糟透的；令人不快的
He had a ghastly paleness to his face that belied the seriousness of his illness.
他的臉死人船蒼白，表明他病的很嚴重。

2.grisly
adj.causing horror or terror;ghastly 可怕的
The killer's confession spares none of the grisly details of the murders he had committed.
那個殺人犯的口供沒有遺漏任何他謀殺時的恐怖細節。

3.leisurely
adj.unhurred;deliberate 從容的，悠然自得的
adv.without haste or hurry 慢慢悠地；從容地，沉著地
Each morning he leisurely has his breakfast and reads the morning paper.
每天清晨他都悠閑地喫早餐、讀晨報。

4.surly
adj.bad-tempered and unfriendly 壞脾氣的，不友好的
The survey showed tourists most often complain of surly taxi drivers.
調查表明，遊客最常抱怨的就是態度不友好的出租司機。