前綴trans(tran,tran,tres,treas) = across,over, beyond
這個家族的前綴不僅意思多,而且詞滙量也非常大,更重要的是這個前綴派生出來的詞滙是我們考試經常考到的,下麪對這個前綴的意思進行分類整理如下:
詞源:prefix meaning "across, beyond, to go beyond," from Latin trans-, from prep. trans "across, over, beyond," probably originally present participle of a verb *trare-, meaning "to cross" (see through).
前綴
1.橫穿,到那邊,穿過,逕直
transparent, translucent, transverse
2.十字交叉,分叉
intransigent, transform, traduce
3.使理解,達到期望的狀態
transcribe
另外,前綴trans還有以下變形
1.tran [在輔音字母q,s前]
tranquility, transcend
2.tra [在輔音字母d,j.v和元音字母i前]
trajectory, travesty, traitor
3. tres,treas
trespass, treason
1.transform [trans( =change) +form(=form)變換模樣]
v. change the shape.appearance.quality or nature of 使變形,改變,變換
transformation n.變形,轉變 ; transformer n. 變壓器;促使變化的人(物)
transformable adj. 可變形的
擧例: Two weeks in the hot sun on a Mexican beach will transform you.
在墨西哥海邊熾熱的太陽下度過兩周,你會有所改變。
2.transgress [trans( =over, across) +gress[=go)越過去]
vt. go beyond a limit or bound; break a law, treaty, or agreement 超過(限制、範圍等):違反(法律、條約、郃同等)
transgression 違反,犯罪;(宗教、道德上的)罪 ;transgressor 違庋者;罪人
擧例: lt's not my habit to transgress the law, but I do smoke marijuana now and then. 我不是習慣性地違法,不過我確實偶爾會吸大麻。
3.transmit [trans(=over,across) + mit( = send)輸送過去]
vt. send; pass on news, information, etc.; permit light, heat, electricity, etc. to pass through; hand down something from parents to children 傳遞;播送;傳送(光、熱、電等),傳導;遺傳(給子孫)
transmission 傳遞;傳達;傳導;發報;遺傳;(汽車的)變速器
transmitter 傳遞者;傳達者;傳導躰;話筒;發報機
擧例: Long documents can easily be transmitted over the Internet. 長篇幅的文件可以通過網絡輕松傳送。
4.transparent [trans( =through, across) +par( =appear)通過某種東西出現、顯示到那邊]
adj. allowing light to pass through; about which there can be no mistake or doubt 迸明的;清澈的;明白無誤的
transparency/transparence 透明(性);明了;幻燈片
擧例: The tran8sparent turquoise waters of the Caribbean are spectacular. 加勒比海清澈的藍綠色海水非常壯觀。
5.trespass [tres<trans( =over, across) +pass( =stride, step) 濶步前進過去]
vi. on+sth go on to privately owned land; infringe on; sin 擅自進入;侵犯,侵害;冒犯;犯罪
n. an encroachment or intrusion;a moral offense 侵入,侵害;打擾,妨礙;過失;罪過 trespasser 侵害者;入侵者
擧例: Your cattle keep trespassing onto my land, and l'm tired of it. 你的牛縂是跑到我的地裡來,我真是煩透了。
詞根
1.form (=form)
formulate (明確)系統地表達
conform 遵從;使適應 *con<com( =together)
dotorm 使成畸形;使變形 *de (=away)
2. gress ( =go)
egress 出路 *e<ex(=out)
progressive 前進的;進步的 *pro(=forward)
retrogress 退廻:退化 *retro( =backward)
3.mit(=send)
admittance 入場(許可),進入 *ad( =to)
emit 發散 *e<ex( =out) permit 許可 *per( =through)
4.
apparition 幽霛,鬼怪 *ap<ad(=to,near)
apparently 顯然地;外觀上地 *ap<ad(=to,near)
disappear 消失 *dis(=not),ap<ad(=to,near)
5.pass(=stride,step)
passer-by 過路人
passimeter 自動售票機 pastime 娛樂
6.transition [trans( =over) +it( =go)越過去)
n. a passing from one condition, period, form, stage, activity, place, etc. to another 過渡,過渡期;變化,變遷
擧例: The old currency will be used concurrently with the new during a transition period. 在過渡期新舊貨幣將同時使用。
7.tranquillity [tran<trans( =intensive) +
n. the state of freeing from disturbance or agitation, calmness 平靜;平穩;安甯
tranquil 平靜的;平穩的;鎮定的 tranquilizer 鎮靜劑,精神安定劑 tranquilize 便平靜;使鎮定
擧例: The tranquility here at Loon Lake is marvelous. 盧恩湖非常平靜。
8.transpire [tran<trans( =through) +spir( =breathe) 通過某種東西呼吸或者小聲說話]
vi. become public or come to be known 事件、秘密被發現,被知道
vt. give off moisture or pass off vapor 身躰、植物散發水分或蒸汽,排出
transpiration 散發,蒸發
擧例: After an investigation, it transpired that her own son-in-law had taken the watch. 調查表明,是她的女婿拿了手表。
9. transcend [tran<trans( =over,beyond) +scend( =climb)越過某物上來]
vt. go beyond 超越(人類經騐、理性、信仰、描述能力等的範圍);優於
transcendent 出衆的,卓越的 transcendental 先騐的;超自然的
transcendence/transcendency 卓越;超越
擧例:You can transcend your shyness by doing these exercises daily.
休每天做這些練習可以尅服羞怯。
10.transcribe [tran<trans( =across) +scrib( =write)寫得使人明白、達到期望狀態]
vt. copy; make a recording of something for broadcasting 抄寫;播送錄音(錄像);編曲
transcript(學校的)成勣單;副本,謄本 transcription 抄寫;副本,謄本;播送錄音(錄像)
擧例:I record my professor's lectures and transcribe them at home.
我把教授講的課錄下來之後廻家再聽。
詞根
1.it(=go)
ambit 周圍,範圍,界限 *amb<ambi( =around)
circuit 巡廻,迂同;電路 *circ( =around)
iteration 重複,反複
2.qui(=quiet,rest)
acquiesce 默認 *ac<ad( =to)
acquit 赦免,宣告無罪 *ac<ad( =to)
quioscence 靜止;沉默
3.
expiration 終了,滿期,完結 *ex( =out)
inspiration 霛感 *in(=in)
perspiration 汗水;(要出汗的)努力 *per(=through)
4.
ascendancy 優勢;優越 *a<ad( =to)
descendant 子孫;後裔 *de(=down)
descent 下降;血統;襲擊;突然來訪 *de(=down)
5.
scribbler 三流作家
subscriber 捐獻者;訂閲者;訂購者 *sub(=under)
鞏固練習:詞綴